{"id":1025,"date":"2026-07-13T23:02:39","date_gmt":"2026-07-13T20:02:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/riyadhlawreview.org\/?p=1025"},"modified":"2026-07-13T23:54:35","modified_gmt":"2026-07-13T20:54:35","slug":"a-critical-appraisal-of-the-international-court-of-justices-advisory-opinion-on-climate-change","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/riyadhlawreview.org\/ar\/a-critical-appraisal-of-the-international-court-of-justices-advisory-opinion-on-climate-change\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1025\" class=\"elementor elementor-1025\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4380d62c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4380d62c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bfb08ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1bfb08ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p><strong>\u062f. \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a<\/strong><br \/><strong>\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a (DOI):<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.65271\/MWHV3012\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.65271\/MWHV3012<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>\u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062d \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0650\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u064f\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0648\u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u063a\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0647 \u2013 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u2013 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629:\u00a0<\/strong><em>\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a.<\/em><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea2cad7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ea2cad7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8b0b0c elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"f8b0b0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/riyadhlawreview.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/RLR-SL00001-Proof-Alotaibi-and-Alqahtani-Final.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dr. Saad Al-OtaibiMunirah Al-Qahtani DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.65271\/MWHV3012 Abstract This note examines the advisory opinion issued by the International Court of Justice [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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